History of Detroit

For several centuries, the area of Detroit was so vital for commerce between Native American tribes that only merchants were allowed into the territory. Today, it is the centre for the American automotive industry.

Founding the city

Not until about 300 years ago, when French explorer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac landed on the banks of the Detroit River and established a fort in 1701, did modern Detroit begin to take shape. He was fired from his position as outpost commanding officer nine years later for ill conduct.

Throughout Detroit’s first century, change would be the order of the day. In 1760, the British took over from the French, and in 1796, the United States took control of Detroit as a result of Jay’s Treaty.

In 1815, Detroit was incorporated as a city and for the decades leading up to the Civil War, it served as the last US stop on the Underground Railroad. The area was also gaining repute for the production of cigars and kitchen appliances among other things.

Henry Ford

Instead of developing into the stove-making capital of the world, Detroit became known as Motor City. This was primarily due to the activities of a farmer’s son, named Henry Ford. In 1896, Ford built his first car in Detroit; not altogether a momentous event since the automobile had already been around for some time. It was the system of producing cars that he would later develop - the moving assembly line - which changed how the world perceived car production.

Throughout the early part of the 20th century, a number of car companies sprung up in the area, all looking to find success in the new industry. During WWII, the factories they had built to make cars were converted to produce stacks of military hardware for the Allied Powers. The production advantage they supplied helped to win the war.

Motown

Ironically, it was an ex-autoworker who paved the way for Detroit’s other famous contribution to the 20th century - Motown. Founded by Berry Gordy Junior with just a US$800 family loan, the unknown record company introduced the world to the likes of Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, Smokie Robinson, The Temptations, Diana Ross and others, all of whom either grew up or first became famous in Detroit.

As the 21st century begins, Metro Detroit is starting to reap the rewards of decades of work put into revitalisation. Today, it is a city with a rich history, a bright future and an exciting present.