History of Southampton

Southampton has a long and interesting history, a large part of which revolves around its relationship with the sea and its development as an in important cargo and passenger port. These aspects of its past are cherished and are an essential part of the citys character today.

Early days

Historians note that Southampton saw settlers as early as the Stone Age era. However, it is the Romans who are credited with establishing the first permanent settlement, which was called Clausentum. The town became important in light of its coastal proximity which provided an ideal trading location for serving the cities of Winchester and Salisbury.

When the Anglo-Saxons arrived, the centre of the town was moved across the river to its current location and was named Hamwic, which later evolved into Hamtun and later again into Hampton.

Middle Ages

The citys strength as a port and also as a significant player in the regions rising wool trade was notable from the 13th century onwards. By the early 15th century, the Wool House (which is now used as the Maritime Museum) was established, allowing the city to benefit from trade with Italy and Flanders.

Following attacks by the French and pirates in the 14th century, the city built walls as fortifications against future aggressors; the remains of these walls are still evident in the city today. Mid-16th century, Philip the Prince of Spain arrived at Southampton with a fleet of 140 ships behind him. After being welcomed by the English, he made his way to Winchester and subsequently married Queen Mary.

Later in the same century, the city was swamped with Hugenots seeking refuge from the religious persecution they had experienced in France and the Low Countries. Queen Elizabeth permitted them the use of St Julien's Chapel for worship and to this day, the church remembers this by conducting an annual service in French.

Recent times

Southampton is remembered as being the port from where the HMS Titanic set sail on its ill-fated maiden voyage. The ship left dock on the 10th of April, 1912 and was declared lost just 3 days later.

During WWII, the city was hit hard by German bombers on account of its strategic importance to the Navy, but damage was not so significant that a full recovery could not be made, and in the years following the war, Southampton re-established itself as an important port town offering both passenger and cargo services.

Today, the city is a modern metropolis, but one which still retains features of yesteryear and acknowledges the importance of its history and heritage.