Paris History

This strategic position on the River Seine attracted settlers as far back as Celtic times, when tradesmen conducted their business along the river from 250 BC onwards. The Romans moved in around 52 BC, transforming the city into a bustling centre of culture and commerce. Once the Roman Empire collapsed, the city suffered from Germanic invasions and was largely abandoned.

Paris in the Middle Ages

King Clovis I made Paris his capital in 512 AD and instigated several building projects. During the 9th century, the city rose in prominence as the Counts of Paris gradually gained power over Frankish kings. Despite ongoing Viking attacks, the city became the capital of France when Hugh Capet, the Count of Paris, became king of France in 987 AD.

The 12th century saw the construction of the University of Paris, which attracted many foreigners. During the Hundred Years’ War the city was occupied by the Burgundians and the 1429 attempt by Joan of Arc failed to restore the city to being under French control. When the city was finally recaptured in 1437, the King of France transferred their capital to the Loire Valley.

However, Paris once again gained importance in 1682 when Louis VIV moved the royal court to the Palace of Versailles. The following century witnessed some of the city’s most historically significant events with the French Revolution, which resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy in 1792.

Paris in the 19th century

The 19th century was a period of great development for Paris, with the Industrial Revolution and the introduction of country-wide transport links ensuring an influx of migrants into Paris. The erection of the Eiffel Tower in 1889 marked the French Revolution centennial and today it remains Paris’ most well-known icon.

Paris in the 20th century

After, WWI, which saw Paris at the forefront of the war effort, the city began to attract many national and international artists, helping to form its artistic reputation of today. The WWII occupation of the city ensured very limited damage to the city’s buildings, while the post-war period saw further development and industrialisation. Today, Paris is a city of wide divides and contrasts, with suburbs varying greatly in the wealth and atmosphere.