Aarhus History

Aarhus is considered to be the oldest city in Scandinavia, with the first recorded mention of it around the year 770 AD. However, archeological findings show it was already well-established during the Viking era, so it could be much older. The city’s pre-eminent geographical position is the reason for its existence and longevity.

The Vikings

Extensive archeological digs have unearthed long houses, which were used both as homes and workshops by the Vikings in the 7th century. Subsequent layers of stratum revealed a wealth of tools and household goods, indicating the site was continually inhabited by a thriving community.

Trading importance

Aarhus is located in one of the most favourable geographical spots in Scandinavia, which has long afforded it trade with Germany, the Baltic countries and the rest of the Jutland peninsula. Sitting at the mouth of a river, Aarhus has always been a town whose lifeblood has centered on trading.

Years of strife

During the wars which engulfed Scandinavia and northern Europe in the 17th century, Aarhus suffered a great deal. Fortifications, which can still be seen south of the city, are a reminder of the incursions by the German imperial army between 1627 and 1629. Sweden took over the role of oppressor in 1644, and began heavily taxing the city. The Swedes went so far as to occupy the city with royal troops on several occasions between 1657 and 1659.

Resilience of Aarhus

Despite the intrusions of neighbouring countries, plague and citywide fires, Aarhus persevered and continued to prosper due to its prime location as a centre of trade. By the middle of the 18th century, Aarhus had a fleet of 100 ships trading with the rest of Jutland, Norway, Amsterdam, Spain, France and England. During the 19th century, the city gained greater independence from the domination of Copenhagen and Hamburg. Industrialisation brought an influx of migrants and boosted the city’s population to the second largest city in Denmark and the largest in Jutland.

Contemporary prosperity

The city’s prosperity continued to grow through the 19th and 20th centuries as its harbour was expanded and Denmark’s railway network grew. Its location has always ensured that it has had the greatest trading opportunities within the region. Culturally, it began to market itself as the capital city of Jutland and actively expanded its cultural institutions such as universities, theatres, libraries and hospitals. Today, Aarhus is the most culturally significant city in Jutland, preserving its heritage through the many museums, buildings and artistic institutions which dot the cityscape.